.. include:: ../variables.rst

Glossary
========

.. figure:: /images/banners/hospitalbuilding.jpg
   :align: center

|br|

This glossary defines the terms used throughout the |APPNAME| help.
Terms are grouped into plain alphabetical order and a handful of
common synonyms cross-reference the authoritative entry (for
example, *Opportunity* → *Moment*) so the definition only lives in
one place.

.. glossary::
   :sorted:

   Account
     The top-level tenant in |APPNAME|. Every facility, unit,
     user, report, and piece of audit data belongs to exactly one
     account. A single |APPNAME| installation can host many
     accounts side by side. See also :term:`Corporation` and
     :term:`Primary Account`.

   Action
     What the health care provider did at the moment of hand
     hygiene — ``Rub``, ``Wash``, or ``Missed``. Each
     :term:`Observation` records exactly one action.

   Attribute
     A boolean tag attached to an :term:`Observation` to describe
     what the observer saw — ``Gloves``, ``Nails``, ``Bracelets``,
     or ``Rings``. Attributes feed into several hand-hygiene
     reports.

   Audit Form
     A :term:`Custom Audit` definition — the template of pages,
     questions, and response pools that an auditor fills in when
     they run the audit.

   Audit Schedule
     The cadence at which a :term:`Unit` is expected to be
     audited. |APPNAME| uses the schedule to flag units that have
     fallen behind and to trigger reminder emails.

   Auditing Device
     A phone, tablet, or computer registered with |APPNAME| as
     allowed to sync audits. Administrators can disable a specific
     device from the Audit Devices page without affecting the
     user's other devices.

   Auto-Close
     The Challenges feature that closes a challenge and awards the
     winners automatically on its end date, so administrators do
     not have to remember to close it by hand.

   AFT-BFL
     **After Body Fluid Exposure Risk.** The moment of hand hygiene
     immediately after contact with a patient's body fluids, secretions,
     or mucous membranes — even if gloves were worn.

   AFT-PAT
     **After Patient Contact.** The moment of hand hygiene
     immediately after touching a patient.

   AFT-PAT/ENV
     **After Patient / Patient Environment Contact.** The combined
     moment used under the Just Clean Your Hands program covering
     both *after touching the patient* and *after touching the
     patient's surroundings*.

   AFT-TPS
     **After Contact with Patient Surroundings.** The moment of
     hand hygiene after touching anything in the patient's
     immediate environment — bed rails, call buttons, furniture —
     without touching the patient themselves.

   API Token
     A long, randomly-generated string that stands in for a user
     name and password when an application or script talks to the
     |APPNAME| REST API. Tokens are tied to a user account and
     inherit that user's permissions.

   Archive
     The monthly, read-only bundle of every generated report
     |APPNAME| keeps so historical runs can be retrieved even
     after the report definition has changed. See
     :ref:`Report Archive<report.archive>`.

   Auditor
     A |APPNAME| user whose role is to collect observations in the
     field. Auditors can run :term:`audit sessions<Audit Session>`
     and enter observations, but typically do not have rights to
     edit facility or system settings.

   Audit Session
     A group of observations completed by an auditor in a single
     patient care area in one sitting. Opening a session, walking
     through a ward to observe several people, and closing the
     session counts as one audit session even if twenty individual
     observations were recorded during it.

   Badge
     A decoration awarded to a user or team for reaching a
     milestone — finishing a challenge, maintaining a streak, or
     meeting a compliance target. See :ref:`challenges`.

   BEF-ASP
     **Before Aseptic Procedure** (also called *Before Aseptic
     Task*). The moment of hand hygiene immediately before an
     aseptic procedure such as wound care, IV insertion, or
     preparing medication.

   BEF-PAT
     **Before Patient Contact.** The moment of hand hygiene
     immediately before touching a patient.

   BEF-PAT/ENV
     **Before Initial Patient / Patient Environment Contact.** The
     combined moment used under the Just Clean Your Hands program
     covering both *before touching the patient* and *before
     touching the patient's surroundings*.

   Challenge
     A time-boxed goal in |APPNAME| (for example, "achieve 90%
     compliance this quarter") with a reward in points and/or a
     badge. See :ref:`challenges`.

   CMS
     **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services** — the United
     States federal agency, part of the Department of Health and
     Human Services, that administers the Medicare program and
     works with state governments to administer Medicaid, the
     Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Health
     Insurance Marketplace. CMS sets the conditions of
     participation that hospitals must meet to receive Medicare
     and Medicaid reimbursement, runs the public-facing
     :ref:`Care Compare<cmscarecompare>` website, and operates
     several quality reporting and value-based purchasing
     programs that draw on healthcare-associated infection data
     submitted to :term:`NHSN`. Hand hygiene itself is not a
     CMS-reported measure, but downstream HAI rates (CLABSI,
     CAUTI, CDI, MRSA, SSI) are publicly reported via CMS.

   Color Range
     A per-account mapping from a compliance percentage to a
     colour (for example, ≥ 95% = green, ≥ 80% = orange,
     < 80% = red). Color ranges drive the colour of dashboard
     gauges and report cards.

   cp2go
     The auditing application — |AUDITSOFTWARE| — that auditors
     use in the field to collect observations. Available as a
     native iOS / Android app, as a Windows desktop app, as a
     browser-based auditing screen, and as a :term:`PWA`.

   Dashboard
     The home screen of |APPNAME| — a live grid of widgets showing
     compliance, trends, top performers, and alerts. See
     :ref:`dashboard`.

   Distribution List
     A scheduled email that bundles one or more generated reports
     and sends them to a list of recipients. See
     :ref:`distributionlists`.

   Facility
     A physical site — a hospital, clinic, long-term care home, or
     any other building where auditing happens. See
     :ref:`facility.list`.

   Firewall
     A device or piece of software that permits or denies network
     traffic based on a set of rules. |APPNAME| sits behind your
     firewall; tablets and phones need outbound access to the
     |APPNAME| server on port 443.

   Floor
     A physical level of a facility, used to group units and drive
     the floor-plan view. A facility can have any number of
     floors.

   HCP
     **Health Care Professional** — a clinician, nurse, or other
     licensed staff member who is the subject of a hand-hygiene
     observation.

   HCW
     **Health Care Worker** — a broader term that includes every
     worker involved in patient care, whether licensed or not.

   Indicator
     See :term:`Moment`.

   MoHLTC
     **Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care** (Ontario, Canada).
     The historical authority whose reporting formats |APPNAME|
     supports natively.

   Moment
     One of the discrete points during patient care at which hand
     hygiene should be performed. |APPNAME| supports two standard
     frameworks:

     *Just Clean Your Hands* (four moments):

     | Moment 1 : BEF-PAT/ENV
     | Moment 2 : BEF-ASP
     | Moment 3 : AFT-BFL
     | Moment 4 : AFT-PAT/ENV

     *WHO "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene"* (five moments):

     | Moment 1 : BEF-PAT
     | Moment 2 : BEF-ASP
     | Moment 3 : AFT-BFL
     | Moment 4 : AFT-PAT
     | Moment 5 : AFT-TPS

   NHSN
     **National Healthcare Safety Network** — the United States
     Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance
     system used by hospitals, long-term care facilities, dialysis
     centres, and outpatient facilities to track healthcare-
     associated infections, antimicrobial use and resistance, and
     selected process measures including hand hygiene. Data
     submitted to NHSN feeds CMS quality reporting programs and
     public-facing tools such as Care Compare. NHSN does not
     currently accept hand-hygiene CSV imports — values are
     hand-keyed into the NHSN web form — which is why |APPNAME|
     ships the :ref:`NHSN Hand Hygiene Summary<nhsnsummary>`
     report as a worksheet that mirrors that form.

   NTP
     **Network Time Protocol** — the protocol |APPNAME| servers
     use to keep their clocks synchronised.

   Observation
     An auditor's record of a single hand-hygiene event performed
     by a single health care provider. An observation captures the
     provider type, the moment, whether the person rubbed, washed,
     or missed, and any attributes such as gloves or rings.

   Offline Mode
     The cp2go PWA and native apps keep working when the device
     has no network. Observations are stored locally and uploaded
     automatically the next time the device has a connection. See
     the :ref:`cp2go PWA<pwaAuditing>` topic for details.

   Opportunity
     See :term:`Moment`.

   PCA
     **Patient Care Area** — a subdivision of a facility where
     auditing takes place. See :term:`Unit`.

   P-Chart
     A statistical process-control chart that plots the proportion
     of compliant observations over time, with an upper and lower
     control limit calculated from the data itself. Points inside
     the control limits represent normal variation; points outside
     indicate a shift worth investigating. Open a P-Chart from the
     dashboard ``Charts`` group, or from the ``More`` action on any
     compliance gauge. See :ref:`dashboard`.

   PHO
     **Public Health Ontario** — one of the public-health bodies
     whose reporting standards |APPNAME| can export for.

   Points
     The numeric reward currency used by the Challenges module.
     Points accrue as auditors meet goals and are tracked in the
     :ref:`Points Ledger<challenges>`.

   POP
     **Post Office Protocol** — a legacy email-retrieval protocol.

   PWA
     **Progressive Web App** — a web app that can be installed on
     a phone or tablet's home screen and works offline. |APPNAME|
     ships |AUDITSOFTWARE| as a PWA in addition to the native
     apps. See :ref:`pwaAuditing`.

   Region
     A collection of facilities grouped for reporting — typically
     by geography (for example, "Central Ontario"), but any
     grouping makes sense.

   Report Definition
     A saved recipe that tells |APPNAME| what report to produce,
     at what frequency, for which scope, and in which format.
     Every row on the Reports page is one definition. See
     :ref:`ReportsLink`.

   Report Group
     A named collection of report definitions — either curated by
     hand or filled automatically by a rule. See
     :ref:`report.groups`.

   Reportable
     A flag on an auditable unit indicating whether its numbers
     roll up into corporate / account-level reports.
     Non-reportable units are still tracked, but excluded from
     roll-ups.

   Role
     A named set of permissions that controls which parts of
     |APPNAME| a user can see and change. |APPNAME| ships with
     standard roles (Administrator, Manager, Auditor, Viewer) and
     lets you define your own.

   RSA
     A public-key cryptography algorithm that relies on the
     difficulty of factoring large integers. Named for its
     inventors — Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman —
     who first published it in 1977.

   Site ID
     The short, three- or four-character code that identifies your
     |APPNAME| installation in the URL — for example, the
     ``hope`` in ``hope.cphs.cloud``. You can email
     |SUPPORTEMAIL| if you are not sure what your site ID is.

   SMTP
     **Simple Mail Transfer Protocol** — the protocol used to send
     email. |APPNAME| uses SMTP to deliver report distribution
     lists, alerts, and password-reset emails.

   SNMP
     **Simple Network Management Protocol** — used to monitor
     network-attached devices.

   SSL
     **Secure Sockets Layer** — a legacy cryptographic protocol
     for securing network communications. Superseded by
     :term:`TLS`.

   Sync
     The process of uploading audit data from a device
     (:term:`cp2go` running offline) to the |APPNAME| server.
     Modern builds sync automatically in the background whenever
     the device is online.

   TCP
     **Transmission Control Protocol** — one of the two core
     protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite (together with
     :term:`UDP`). TCP delivers an ordered, reliable stream of
     data between two endpoints.

   Target
     A compliance goal applied to an account, facility, unit, or
     individual auditor. Targets drive the colour of the
     corresponding dashboard gauge. See :ref:`targets`.

   Team
     A group of auditors who participate in Challenges as a single
     unit rather than individually.

   TLS
     **Transport Layer Security** — the modern cryptographic
     protocol that secures communications over the internet. TLS
     replaces the earlier :term:`SSL` protocol. |APPNAME| uses TLS
     1.2 or higher for every connection.

   Two-Factor Authentication
     A sign-in method that asks for a one-time code in addition to
     your password. |APPNAME| supports time-based one-time
     passwords (TOTP) from any standard authenticator app.

   UDP
     **User Datagram Protocol** — one of the two core protocols of
     the Internet Protocol Suite (together with :term:`TCP`).
     Faster and stateless, but without guaranteed delivery. Used
     by DNS, voice, and other latency-sensitive traffic.

   Unit
     A subdivision of a :term:`Facility` — for example a ward, a
     patient-care area, or a department. See
     :ref:`facility.list`.

   Widget
     One of the tiles on the :term:`Dashboard` — a gauge, a
     ranking list, a chart, or a stat card. The dashboard layout
     is made up of widgets you can show, hide, and rearrange.

   WHO
     **World Health Organization** — the United Nations agency
     whose *My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene* framework is one of the
     two standards |APPNAME| supports.

   XML
     **Extensible Markup Language** — a structured text format
     |APPNAME| uses for some report output and for certain
     integration feeds.

   CCPA
     **California Consumer Privacy Act** — United States privacy
     legislation that gives California residents specific rights
     over how their personal information is collected and used.
     |APPNAME|'s privacy statement covers how these rights apply.

   Compliance
     The percentage of observed hand-hygiene opportunities where
     the health care provider either rubbed or washed (as opposed
     to missing the opportunity). The single most tracked metric
     in |APPNAME|.

   Corporation
     The database-layer equivalent of an :term:`Account`. Most
     tables in the |APPNAME| schema join to the ``corporation``
     table to scope records to an account; customer-facing
     documentation always uses *Account*.

   CUSUM
     **Cumulative Sum** — a statistical-process-control
     technique |APPNAME| uses on some trend charts to flag
     shifts in compliance earlier than a running average would.

   Custom Audit
     A non-hand-hygiene audit template built in |APPNAME| —
     for example PPE checks, environmental services rounds,
     medication safety, or patient-experience surveys. Custom
     Audits live under the :ref:`Custom Audits<custom-audits>`
     section of the sidebar.

   Dark Mode
     One of the two |APPNAME| themes, optimised for low-light
     environments. Toggled from the sun / moon switch in the top
     bar. See :term:`Light Mode`.

   DMS
     **Degrees, Minutes, Seconds** — the coordinate format
     |APPNAME| uses on the Facility Address tab when entering
     latitude and longitude by hand.

   EEA
     **European Economic Area** — referenced in the privacy
     statement because some data-protection rights differ for
     residents of EEA member states.

   EHR
     **Electronic Health Record** — the clinical system of record
     used by many hospitals. |APPNAME| can accept feeds from an
     EHR via :term:`FHIR` or a scheduled export.

   FHIR
     **Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources** — an
     HL7 standard for exchanging healthcare data. |APPNAME| has
     a FHIR endpoint for pulling facility and patient-care-area
     definitions from an :term:`EHR`.

   Fiscal Year
     An organisation's accounting year, which may or may not line
     up with the calendar year. |APPNAME| lets each account set
     its own fiscal-year start month so reports with period
     ``Fiscal Year`` run correctly.

   Gauge
     A dashboard :term:`Widget` that displays a single metric as
     a half-moon arc with a colour-coded needle, driven by the
     account's :term:`Color Range`.

   Hand Hygiene
     The core workflow measured by |APPNAME| — the rubs, washes,
     and missed opportunities recorded during a shift.

   Hand Hygiene Session
     See :term:`Audit Session`. Used when a distinction needs to
     be drawn from a :term:`Custom Audit` session.

   Hand Rub
     An alcohol-based hand-hygiene :term:`Action` — the "Rub"
     option on the observation-entry screen.

   Hand Wash
     A soap-and-water hand-hygiene :term:`Action` — the "Wash"
     option on the observation-entry screen.

   IPAC
     **Infection Prevention and Control** — the department or
     function within a healthcare organisation that manages
     infection-related risks, typically the primary consumer of
     |APPNAME| reports.

   Joint Commission
     **The Joint Commission** — an independent, non-profit
     organisation, founded in 1951, that accredits and certifies
     more than 22,000 health care organisations and programs in
     the United States. Its mission is to continuously improve
     health care for the public by evaluating health care
     organisations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe
     and effective care of the highest quality and value. Joint
     Commission accreditation is recognised nationwide as a
     symbol of quality that reflects an organisation's commitment
     to meeting performance standards, and is a prerequisite for
     Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement at most hospitals. The
     Commission publishes the National Patient Safety Goals,
     which include hand-hygiene performance expectations
     (Goal NPSG.07.01.01). Website:
     `jointcommission.org <https://www.jointcommission.org/>`_.

   Just Clean Your Hands
     An Ontario hand-hygiene program that uses four moments
     (``BEF-PAT/ENV``, ``BEF-ASP``, ``AFT-BFL``, ``AFT-PAT/ENV``).
     See :term:`Moment`.

   Keyword Manager
     The |APPNAME| screen for managing the exclusion word list
     used by the Word Cloud report. See
     :ref:`Keyword Manager<keyword.manager>`.

   Kiosk Mode
     A display mode in which |APPNAME| runs full-screen without
     browser chrome, intended for read-only dashboards on wall-
     mounted displays. Administrators control which accounts can
     be shown in Kiosk Mode.

   Leaderboard
     The ranked list of :term:`Challenge` participants, shown
     both on the Challenge Results page and as a dashboard
     widget.

   Ledger
     See :term:`Points`.

   LHIN
     **Local Health Integration Network** — a now-retired
     regional healthcare body in Ontario. Some older |APPNAME|
     reports and imports still reference LHIN groupings.

   Leapfrog
     **The Leapfrog Group** — a United States non-profit watchdog
     founded in 2000 by a coalition of large employers and
     private purchasers of health benefits. Its mission is to
     trigger giant leaps forward in the safety, quality, and
     affordability of U.S. health care by using transparency to
     support informed decisions and reward the highest-performing
     providers. Leapfrog runs the annual Leapfrog Hospital Survey
     and the Leapfrog Ambulatory Surgery Center Survey, and
     publishes the twice-yearly Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade
     that assigns each general hospital a letter grade (A–F) for
     patient safety. Hand hygiene is one of the practices
     evaluated by the survey; |APPNAME| ships the
     :ref:`Leapfrog Hand Hygiene Standard<leapfroghandhygiene>`
     report to support the 2026 standard. Website:
     `leapfroggroup.org <https://www.leapfroggroup.org/>`_.

   Light Mode
     The default |APPNAME| theme with a white background,
     intended for day-to-day desk use. See :term:`Dark Mode`.

   Live Badge
     The small ``LIVE`` pill in the |APPNAME| top bar,
     indicating that the current page is wired up to the live
     data feed rather than a cached or static view.

   LOINC
     **Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes** — a
     medical-code standard used for some export formats where an
     organisation needs to interoperate with other clinical
     systems.

   LTC
     **Long-Term Care** — residential care facilities that are
     a common segment of |APPNAME| customers.

   Missed
     An :term:`Action` indicating the health care provider did
     not perform hand hygiene at a moment when they should have.
     Missed opportunities count against :term:`Compliance`.

   Mobile Mode
     The streamlined |APPNAME| layout designed for running audits
     on a phone. Switched from the screen-icon button in the top
     bar, independent of the device you are actually using.

   MQTT
     **Message Queuing Telemetry Transport** — a lightweight
     publish / subscribe protocol used by some |APPNAME|
     integrations, most commonly for pushing dashboard updates to
     digital-signage screens.

   NICU
     **Neonatal Intensive Care Unit** — a common type of unit
     audited in hospital deployments.

   NPS
     **Net Promoter Score** — a standard 0-to-10 customer-
     satisfaction metric. |APPNAME| ships an NPS response pool so
     custom-audit questions can capture NPS answers directly.

   Observer
     Synonym for :term:`Auditor`. Used in some older reports and
     exports.

   PACU
     **Post-Anesthesia Care Unit** — another common type of unit
     audited in hospital deployments.

   Primary Account
     The Root Account of a |APPNAME| installation. Users in the
     Primary Account manage the installation itself; customer
     users belong to regular sub-accounts.

   QIP
     **Quality Improvement Plan** — an annual plan Ontario
     healthcare organisations file with Health Quality Ontario.
     |APPNAME| can export compliance summaries formatted for
     inclusion in a QIP.

   Question Pool
     The shared library of reusable questions available to any
     :term:`Custom Audit`. See
     :ref:`Custom Audits<custom-audits>`.

   Reminder
     An automatic email or notification from |APPNAME| prompting
     an auditor, manager, or owner to take action — for example,
     a distribution list with a configuration issue, or a unit
     falling behind on its :term:`Audit Schedule`.

   Response Pool
     The shared library of reusable answer sets (Yes / No,
     multiple-choice lists, Likert scales, :term:`NPS`) that can
     be attached to :term:`Custom Audit` questions.

   Rule Filter
     A :term:`Challenge` option that narrows the goal to a subset
     of observations — for example, only observations in a
     specific unit or only involving nursing staff.

   Session Note
     Optional free-text information attached to a whole
     :term:`Audit Session` — for example, *"unit in outbreak"* or
     *"training provided prior to session"*.

   Signage
     See :term:`Digital Signage`.

   Digital Signage
     Dashboard pages designed to run on large screens throughout
     a facility — typically showing the latest compliance numbers,
     a leaderboard, or a rotating set of widgets.

   SSO
     **Single Sign-On** — an arrangement where a user signs into
     an identity provider once and is granted access to
     |APPNAME| (and other integrated applications) without being
     prompted for a password again.

   Survey
     A public-facing :term:`Custom Audit` — typically an
     outpatient or patient-experience questionnaire reached via
     a :term:`Survey Invitation` link.

   Survey Invitation
     A tokenised URL sent to a specific recipient so they can
     complete a :term:`Survey` without signing into |APPNAME|.
     Invitations can be single-use and can expire.

   TOTP
     **Time-based One-Time Password** — the six-digit code
     generated by an authenticator app when
     :term:`Two-Factor Authentication` is enabled on an account.

   UTC
     **Coordinated Universal Time** — the time zone |APPNAME|
     stores every timestamp in. The interface converts UTC to the
     user's local time on display.

   WHMIS
     **Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System** — the
     Canadian workplace-hazard communication standard. Some
     |APPNAME| custom-audit templates reference WHMIS labelling
     when auditing hazardous-materials storage.

   Word Cloud
     A report type that renders the most frequent words from
     session notes and observation comments as a proportional
     cloud. Words on the :term:`Keyword Manager` exclusion list
     are removed before the cloud is drawn.